Password Spraying M365

Attack

GitHub - dafthack/MSOLSpray: A password spraying tool for Microsoft Online accounts (Azure/O365). The script logs if a user cred is valid, if MFA is enabled on the account, if a tenant doesn't exist, if a user doesn't exist, if the account is locked, or if the account is disabled.GitHub

• M365 password spraying attacks can have 10 failed login attempts per 1 minute.

• Legacy authentication is disabled by default (Companies still enable it based on business needs).

Deprecation of Basic authentication in Exchange OnlineMicrosoftLearn

Legacy Auth

MSOLSpray:

• Sends POST request to http://login.microsoftonline.com/common/oauth2/v2.0/token with username and password

• POST request leaks info about whether user exists, password is correct, MFA is enabled or conditional access policies are applied

Import-Module MSOLSpray.ps1
Invoke-MSOLSpray -UserList .\userlist.txt -Password Winter2020

Failure and Success of MSOLspray

Detect

• Successful logons of MSOLSpray will show up in interactive, but not necessarily mean that they logged into the account. Especially if MFA is enabled.

• Failed Logon attempts happening within seconds for multiple accounts.

• The resource ID 00000002-0000-0000-c000-000000000000 is Active Directory PowerShell in Azure and is used by ADrecon, AADInternals, MSOLSpray, and many more.

Verify first-party Microsoft applications in sign-in reports - Active DirectoryMicrosoftLearn

Common Microsoft Resources in Azure Active DirectoryShawn Tabrizi

• A successful logon for an MFA enabled account requires two successful logon events

  • Correct Password.

  • MFA Completed in Azure.

Successful

Failed

Mitigate

• Enabled MFA on all endpoints (This will allow for detection of sign-ins without MFA too).

• Do not enable legacy authentication.

• Enforce complex passwords and strong password reset policy.

• Set up conditional access policies and lockdown logons to where the user lives.

How to properly reset a compromised password:

Responding to a Compromised Email AccountMicrosoftLearn

Reset passwords - Microsoft 365 adminMicrosoftLearn